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【英文标准名称】:Chemicalsusedfortreatmentofwaterintendedforhumanconsumption-Cationicpolyacrylamides
【原文标准名称】:人生活用水的水处理用化学物质.阳离子聚丙烯酰胺
【标准号】:BSEN1410-1998
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1998-09-15
【实施或试行日期】:1998-09-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:安全措施;化学性质;含量测定;杂质;化学分析和试验;纯度;储存;饮用水;聚丙烯酸酯;化学成分;高聚物;密度;急救;溶剂萃取方法;作标记;丙烯酸酯;溶解度;材料的物理性质;液相色谱法;阳离子;有毒物质;酰胺;紧急措施;再现性;防火安全;聚酰胺;水处理
【英文主题词】:Cations;Chemicals;Drinkingwatertreatment;Polyacrylamides;Potablewater;Processingroutes;Properties;Purity;Purityrequirements;Scope;Specification(approval);Testing;Waterpractice;Watersupply;Watertreatment
【摘要】:ThisEuropeanStandardisapplicabletocationicpolyacrylamidesusedforthetreatmentofwaterintendedforhumanconsumption.Itdescribesthecharacteristicsofcationicpolyacrylamidesandspecifiestherequirementsandthecorrespondingtestmethodsforcationicpolyacrylamides.AnnexAgivessomeinformationontheorigin,useandhandlingofcationicpolyacrylamides.AnnexBliststhebibliography.
【中国标准分类号】:G77
【国际标准分类号】:71_100_80
【页数】:14P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforConductingLaboratoryToxicityTestswithFreshwaterMussels
【原文标准名称】:用淡水贻贝进行实验室毒性试验的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME2455-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.03
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:生物分析和试验;生物试验;生物水污染物;导电的;淡水;实验室试验;贻贝;毒性;水质;水质试验
【英文主题词】:acutetoxicitytest;bivalve;chronictoxicitytest;freshwater;glochidia;juvenilemussels;Margaritiferidae;Margaritiferidmussels;mollusc;mollusk;mussels;sediment;Unionidae;Unionidmussels;Unionoidea
【摘要】:1.1Thisstandardguidedescribesmethodsforconductinglaboratorytoxicitytestswithearlylifestagesoffreshwatermusselsincludingglochidiaandjuvenilemusselsinwater-onlyexposures(AnnexA1).Futurerevisionstothisstandardmaydescribemethodsforconductingtoxicitytestswith(1)adultfreshwatermusselsand(2)contaminatedsedimentsusingvariouslifestagesoffreshwatermussels.1.2ManyfactorsarecitedaspotentiallycontributingtothedeclineoffreshwatermusselpopulationsinNorthAmerica.Ofthenearly300taxaoffreshwatermusselsinNorthAmerica,70species(23%)arelistedasendangeredorthreatenedandanother40species(14%)arecandidatesforpossiblelisting(Williamsetal1993(1);Neves1997,2004(2,3)).Habitatalteration,introductionofexoticspecies,over-utilization,disease,predationandpollutionareconsideredcausalorcontributingfactorsinmanyareasoftheUnitedStates(Nevesetal1997)(4).Overthepastdecade,therehavebeenover75publishedstudiesconductedthathaveevaluatedtheroleofcontaminantsinthedeclineofpopulationsoffreshwatermussels(Kernaghanetal2005)(5).Inthesestudies,earlylifestagesofmusselsofseveralspeciesarehighlysensitivetosomemetalsandammoniainwaterexposureswhencomparedtomanyofthemostsensitivespeciesofotherinvertebrates,fish,oramphibiansthatarecommonlyusedtoestablishU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyWaterQualityCriteria(WQC;Augspurgeretal2003(6),Kelleretal2005(7),Kernaghanetal2005(5);USGS(2005a,b)(8,9)section1.5).Importantly,resultsofthesepreviousstudiesindicateWQCforindividualchemicalsestablishedfortheprotectionofaquaticorganismsmaynotbeadequatelyprotectiveofsensitivestagesoffreshwatermussels.1.3SummaryofLifeHistoryofFreshwaterMussels1.3.1FreshwatermusselsarebivalvemollusksbelongingtothefamilyUnionidaeorMargaritiferidae(section10.1).Adultsaresedentaryanimals,spendingtheirentirelivespartiallyorcompletelyburrowedinthebottomsofstreams,rivers,orlakes.Adultmusselsarefilterfeeders,usingtheirgillstoremovesuspendedparticlesfromthewatercolumn.Themicroscopic,juvenilestageusesfoot(pedal)feedingtosomedegreeforthefirstseveralmonthsoftheirlives,feedingondepositionalmaterialsinporewaterofsediment,includingbacteria,algae,anddetritus.Freshwatermusselshaveanunusualandcomplexmodeofreproduction,whichincludesabrief,obligatoryparasiticstageonfishorotherhostorganismscalledglochidia(Fig.1).1.3.2Thesuccessfultransferofmatureglochidiatoasuitablehostconstitutesacriticaleventinthelifecycleofmostfreshwatermussels.Oncetheglochidiaarereleasedfromthefemale,theglochidianeedtoattachtothegillsorthefinsofanappropriatefishhostandencysttocompletedevelopment.Althoughglochidiamaysurviveformonthsduringbroodinginthefemalemussel,glochidiatypicallysurviveforonlyafewdaysafterreleaseunlesstheglochidiareachacompatiblehost.Encystmentonthehostoccursbyovergrowthofhosttissue.Metamorphosisofjuvenilemusselsonthefishhostoccurswithindaysorweeks,dependingonspeciesandtemperature.Hostfishspecificityvariesamongmussels.Whilesomemusselspeciesappeartorequireasinglehostorganism,otherspeciescantransformtheirglochidiaintojuvenilemusselsonseveralspeciesofhostfish.Followingproperhostinfestation,glochidiatransformintomicroscopicjuvenilesandexcyst(dropoff)andsettleintosuitablehabitattosurvive.Thetransformationofglochidiatojuvenilesresultsinthedevelopmentofinternalorgansnecessaryforself-sustainedexistenceasabenthicorganism.1.3.3Newly-releasedjuvenil......
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:13_060_70
【页数】:52P.;A4
【正文语种】: